Direct Access to T1 E1 DS0 on OC-3/12 STM-1/4 on LightSpeed1000™

Main Features

• Allows to configure the number of T1 E1 channels to be Multiplexed/Demultiplexed to / from OC-3/12  STM-1/4
• 2 Channelized OC-3 STM-1/OC-12 STM-4 SONET/SDH interfaces per Lightspeed1000™ card
• 2 Unchannelized OC-3 STM-1/OC-12 STM-4 interfaces per Lightspeed1000™ card 
• Allows direct access to anything and everything on SONET / SDH – Framing and Payload, including structured traffic (T1, E1, STS-1, DS3 etc) or unstructured traffic (ATM, PoS, etc).
• Supports all  "basic applications" and "special applications" for T1 or E1 channels
• Comprehensive analysis / emulation of voice, data, fax, protocol, analog, and digital signals, including echo and voice quality testing
• Supports BERT, and Capture and Playback applications
• Supports Protocol Analysis of structured protocols – HDLC, ISDN, CAS, and more.
• Direct access to any or all T1s and E1s
  • 2 x 336 T1’s x 24 DS0s = 16,128 DS0s
  • 2 x 252 E1’s x 30 DS0s = 15,624 DS0s
• Scans the received STM-4/STM-1 traffic and identifies the mapping, tributary type [T1/E1], equipped/unequipped status of the tributaries
• Broadcasts the selected T1/E1 channel data on all the 252 E1’s or 336 T1’s
• Supports any combination of DS0/64/56/16/8 kbps fractional T1/E1, and N x T1/E1 interface definitions (a total of 252 E1s or 336 T1s – in each port )
• Supports multiplexing multiple T1 or E1 channels to a single channelized OC-3/12 STM-1/4 line
• User configurable OC-3/12 STM-1/4 mapping – allows user-defined T1 and E1 channels to multiplex. The channel numbering is same as in demultiplexer
• User configurable idle code to fill the channels when the user added channels do not have data to multiplex.
• Unused channels will be treated as unequipped.

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Comparison of Channelized OC-3/STM-1 Test Solutions

The above image depicts 2 solutions for testing channelized OC-3/STM-1 lines. The first solution shows an external multiplexer and demultiplexer hardware providing the channelized information to multiple T1 E1 access cards such as GL’s Octal T1 E1 cards for analysis and emulation. This solution would require multiple PCs, T1 E1 access cards, and numerous cables adding to the cost and complexity of the entire solution.

A more simpler solution is provided by GL’s Channelized LightSpeed1000™ board, which supports direct access to all or user-defined 2 x 336 T1s or 2 x 252 E1s per card for analysis and simulation – all within a one pc. With this hardware, any combination of DS0/64 kbps, fractional T-1/E-1, and N x T1/E1 interface definitions can be accessed for performance monitoring.

SONET/SDH Data Rates

• SONET is the North American standard (termed OC-N) defined in Telcordia GR-253-CORE and ANSI T1.105. STS-1 (Synchronous Transport Signal Level -1) is the basic level of electrically framed signal format in SONET. Higher-level signals are integer multiples of STS-1, creating the family of STS-N signals, for N = 1, 3, 12, 48, 192 & 768.  The optical counterpart for each STS-N signal is designated as OC-N (Optical Carrier level-N).
• SDH is the Asian and European standard (termed STM-N) defined in ITU G.707 and G.708 standard. An STM-N (Synchronous Transport Module Level-N) are the frame structures used in the SDH.
• The following table details bit rates of SONET and SDH.

North American Standards				ITU-T Designation
Electrical Level	Optical Level	Data Rate (Mbps)	Payload Rate (Mbps)	SDH Equivalent	T1 Equivalent	LightSpeed1000™
STS-1	OC-1	51.84	48.38	STM-0	28 T1s	???
STS-3	OC-3	155.52	149.76	STM-1	84 T1s	Yes
STS-12	OC-12	622.08	599.04	STM-4	336 T1s	Yes
STS-48	OC-48	2488.32	2396.16	STM-16	1344 T1s
STS-192	OC-192	9953.28	9584.64	STM-64	5376 T1s
.	.	.	.	.	.
.	.	.	.	.	.
STS-3072	OC-3072	160Gbit/s		STM-1024	86016 T1s

SDH Mapping in GL’s LightSpeed1000™

The below diagram depicts various T1/E1 to STM-1 signal mapping possibilities in SDH. The paths colored in green are currently supported on the GL’s LightSpeed1000™ hardware.

Various T1/E1 mappings in SDH:

• STM-4 --> STM-1 --> AU-3 --> TUG-2 --> TU-12 --> E1
• STM-4 --> STM-1 --> AU-4 --> TUG-3 --> TUG-2 --> TU-12 --> E1
• STM-4 --> STM-1 --> AU-3 --> TUG-2 --> TU-11 --> T1
• STM-4 --> STM-1 --> AU-4 --> TUG-3 --> TUG-2 --> TU-11 --> T1

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SONET Mappings in GL’s LightSpeed1000™

The below diagram shows various T1/E1 to OC-3/12 mapping possibilities in SONET. The paths colored in green color are supported on the GL’s LightSpeed1000™ hardware.

The T1 and E1 mappings for OC-3 in SONET are as below:

• STS-12 --> OC-12 --> STS-3 --> STS-1 --> VT-Group --> VT2 --> E1
• STS-12 --> OC-12 --> STS-3c --> STS-1 --> VT-Group --> VT2 --> E1
• STS-12 --> OC-12 --> STS-3 --> STS-1 --> VT-Group --> VT1.5 --> T1
• STS-12 --> OC-12 --> STS-3c --> STS-1 --> VT-Group --> VT1.5 --> T1

Applications

Accompanying Basic Software / Features

Almost all the basic applications and optional applications supported by T1 E1 analyzers are also supported by Channelized LightSpeed1000™. For example, capturing and transmitting an entire raw OC3 / STM1, and OC12 / STM4 RAW signals simultaneously, or performing ISDN, or SS7 analysis, can be performed using the software accompanying the channelized LightSpeed1000™.

A list of all the basic applications and other optional applications (requiring additional licenses).

Some of the applications currently supported are discussed below -

Application #1: Protocol Analysis

The protocol analysis can be performed on the packets captured non-intrusively by connecting the channelized Rx Ports of LightSpeed1000™ to a Fiber Optic tap to as shown below. The LightSpeed1000™ is capable of selectively identifying and forwarding the T1, or E1 signals from OC-3/12  STM-1/4 signal streams to GL’s wide variety of protocol analysis modules such as SS7, ISDN, CAS, and more.

Application #2: Abis Monitoring

Application #3: ATM to SDH in a 3G GSM Network

Specifications

Interfaces:	High Performance x4 PCIe Compliance with optimized DMA to perform Rx and Tx packets to/from PC memory. 4 Optical Ports 2 Unchannelized Ports (STM-1/OC-3 and STM-4/OC-12) 2 Channelized Ports (STM-1/OC-3) 1 USB 2.0 Port
Alarm LEDs:	LOS – LOS (Loss of Signal) is a physical layer error, which indicates loss in optical signal. LOF - LOF (Loss of Frames) becomes active when receiving interface detects errors in the framing pattern for three milliseconds. This will be indicated using the frame alignment bytes A1 and A2. LOF is cleared when two consecutive valid A1/A2 framing patterns are received. User – A user-defined LED can be configured by the user as per the requirements.
Bus Interface:	PCIe Specification 1.2 Compliant
Power and Dimensions:	4.2” x 9.2” +12 volts, 3.5 Amps
Traffic	Structured (T1, E1. DS0) Unstructured (OC-3/STM-1, OC-12/STM-4) Transparent Generic Framing Procedure (GFP) (Raw) Hardware Filters to filter out and allow only traffic of interest
Regulatory and Compliance	Telecom (OC3): Telcordia GR-253 (SONET) ITU-T G.707 (SDH) , G.783 (03/06)
Channelized Protocols (Structured)	High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), RFC 1662 Multilink PPP (MLPPP), RFC 1990 Frame Relay, RFC 1490 Multilink support over Frame Relay (FRF.12) and MLPPP ATM IMA GSM, TRAU, GPRS, UMTS over ATM SS7, ISDN, CAS, SS1, SSM V5.x, DCME, FDL (T1 Interface only)
UnChannelized Protocols (Unstructured)	Packet Over Sonet/SDH (PoS) compliance - RFC 2615(1619)/1662 ATM User Network Interface (UNI) Specification and the ATM physical layer for Broadband ISDN according to CCITT Recommendation I.432
Clock	Internal or Recovered Hardware based precise time-stamping of cells with 10 nsec resolution, 1 ppm accuracy.
Functional Specifications	Support for Channelized OC3 to T1, Channelized STM1 to E1, full, fractional, or channelized T1/E1 Up to 84 T1 per port (or 2* 84 = 168 T1s per card) Up to 63 E1 per port ( or 2* 63 = 126 E1s per card) SONET multiplexing: OC3 -> STS-3 -> STS-1 -> VTG -> VT1.5 -> T1 -> N x DS-0 OC3 -> STS-3 -> STS-1 -> VTG -> VT2-> E1 -> N x DS-0 SDH multiplexing: STM1 -> AUG -> AU-4 -> VC-4 -> TUG-3 -> TUG-2 -> TU-12 -> VC-12 -> E1 STM1 -> AUG -> AU-4 -> VC-4 -> TUG-3 -> TUG-2 -> TU-11 -> VC-11 -> T1 STM1 -> AUG --> AU-3 -> VC-3 --> TUG-2 --> TU-12 -> VC-12 --> E1 STM1 -> AUG --> AU-3 -> VC-3 --> TUG-2 --> TU-11 -> VC-11 --> T1
Physical Layer Alarms and Error Counts	On SONET and SDH Alarms - Loss of Light (LOL), Loss of Signal (LOS), Out of Frame (OOF), Loss of Frame (LOF), Alarm Indication Signal (AIS), Remote Defect Indication (RDI), and Automatic protection switch byte failure (APSBF) Line, Path, and Section error counts - Bit-Interleaved Parity (BIP), Remote Error Indication (REI) FCS, Rx / Tx Abort, and MIN / MAX Length T1/E1 Sync Loss, HDB3 Violation, Carrier Loss, Frame Error, Remote, Distant MF, AIS, BPV Errors, CRC Errors, Frame Errors, Transmit Under Run, Receive Over Run
Loopback Capabilities	Line, Diagnostic, and PL3 Loopback at SONET SDH level Software loopback at T1/E1 levels
Monitoring Applications	For T1/E1 Byte Values, Binary Byte Values, Signaling Bits, DC Offset, Frequency, Power Level, Multi-frame Data, Timeslot Displays, ASCII Timeslot Display, Oscilloscope and Spectral Displays provide graphical analysis of signals On SONET and SDH Monitoring Alarms and Error Counts
Intrusive Test Applications	For T1/E1 Bit error rate testing (BERT) pattern generation and detection per channel Transmit Tone, Transmit Gaussian Noise, Transmit Multiframe Transmit Signaling Bits, and Rx-to-Tx loopback

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